改性木屑对阿特拉津的吸附特性

以天然木屑为原料,通过碱化和用阳离子表面活性剂共同改性制备低成本吸附剂,通过静态吸附实验探讨了改性木屑和3种颗粒活性炭对阿特拉津(AT)的吸附行为.结果表明,改性后的木屑对AT的吸附能力明显增强,在AT质量浓度为100μg/L的务件下,改性木屑对AT的去除率可达90%.通过采用FTIR、SEM等分析手段对材料改性前后进...     

Suwan1群体改良穗行选择效应研究分析

利用改良穗行选择法对热带玉米群体Suwan1改良两轮后,选用掖478、黄早四、Mo17、丹340、桂529作测验种为母本,Suwan1C0、Suwan1C1、Suwan1C2群体和墨黄9号为父本,按NCⅡ遗传交配设计组配20个测交组合,研究Suwan1改良效果。研究表明,经过两轮改良穗行选择后,Suwan1群体产量平均每轮增益6.22%;穗位变高,穗长、行粒数增加,平均每轮增益分别为5.11%、4.81%、2.25%;抽雄期变短,其他性状增益不大。产量一般配合力效应提高,但对产量特殊配合力改良效果不大。Suwan1群体与桂529有较强杂种优势,与丹340的杂种优势较弱,可用Suwan1及其自交系改良丹340等旅大红骨种质的抗病性和外观品质。     

Prediction of yield and the contribution of legumes in legume-grass mixtures using field spectrometry

Productivity and botanical composition of legume-grass swards in rotation systems are important factors for successful arable farming in both organic and conventional farming systems. As these attributes vary considerably within a field, a non-destructive method of detection while doing other tasks would facilitate more targeted management of crops and nutrients in the soil–plant–animal system. Two pot experiments were conducted to examine the potential of field spectroscopy to assess total biomass and the proportions of legume, using binary mixtures and pure swards of grass and legumes. The spectral reflectance of swards was measured under artificial light conditions at a sward age ranging from 21 to 70 days. Total biomass was determined by modified partial least squares (MPLS) regression, stepwise multiple linear regression (SMLR) and the vegetation indices (VIs) simple ratio (SR), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), enhanced vegetation index (EVI) and red edge position (REP). Modified partial least squares and SMLR gave the largest R ² values ranging from 0.85 to 0.99. Total biomass prediction by VIs resulted in R ² values of 0.87–0.90 for swards with large leaf to stem ratios; the greatest accuracy was for EVI. For more mature and open swards VI-based detection of biomass was not possible. The contribution of legumes to the sward could be determined at a constant biomass level by the VIs, but this was not possible when the level of biomass varied.     

Determination of carbendazim with multiwalled carbon nanotubes-polymeric methyl red film modified electrode

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes-polymeric methyl red film modified electrode (MWNT-PMRE) was made. The electrochemical behavior of carbendazim on modified electrode was studied with Cyclic Voltammetry, Linear Sweep Voltammetry, Stable Polarization Method and Chronocoulometry. The results indicated that the electrical oxidation of carbendazim on MWNT-PMRE in H₂SO₄ supporting electrolyte with concentration of 0.6 mol/L was irreversible and was mainly controlled by diffusion. Some parameters of the electrochemical process were evaluated. The impacts of experiment conditions on the electrochemical behavior of carbendazim were studied. A good linearity relationship between peak current and concentration of carbendazim in the range of 2.0 × 10⁻⁷-1.0 × 10⁻⁵ mol/L was found, of which the equation was I_p(A) = −1.149 × 10⁻⁵ − 2.301c (mol/L), the correlative coefficient R = −0.9953 and detection limit was 9.0 × 10⁻⁹ mol/L. The recovery was between 90.3% and 94.7%.     

正交试验法优选仙鱼汤提取工艺的研究

目的优选仙鱼汤的提取工艺。方法以总黄酮、总多糖的提取总量为考察指标,采用正交试验法考察以水为溶媒的提取条件。结果溶媒用量、提取次数对各指标都有影响,优选出最佳的提取工艺即溶媒用量为15倍,每次提取时间为30min,提取3次,浸泡10min。结论该方法能提出方中的主要有效成分,稳定可行,为仙鱼汤进一步研究开发提供实验依据。     

功能性MA包装对黄冠梨贮藏品质和褐变的影响

采用功能性薄膜对套袋黄冠梨进行包装处理,研究了功能性MA包装对黄冠梨贮藏品质和褐变的影响。结果表明：贮藏期间,功能性MA包装在一定程度上延缓了果实硬度下降,抑制可溶性固形物含量升高,加快可滴定酸含量下降。其中,30μm白色PE膜减少果皮褐变,30μm绿色PE膜减少果心褐变。整体来看,30μm白色PE膜包装贮藏效果最好。     

酸化对土壤质量的影响及酸化土壤的主要改良措施研究进展

酸化是土壤退化的一个重要方面。近年来,随着工业化的持续推进、人类活动的频繁干扰及其他各种因素的影响,土壤酸化问题日渐突出。综述了土壤酸化的现状、土壤酸化的机理和影响因素、土壤酸化对土壤质量的影响及酸化土壤的主要改良措施等方面的研究进展,分析了土壤酸化研究存在的问题,指出了相关研究方向。     

High pressure processing manipulated buckwheat antioxidant activity,anti-adipogenic properties and starch digestibility

Effect of high pressure processing (HPP) on buckwheat nutritional properties is investigated in this study. The results indicated that the digestion of buckwheat starches of untreated and HPP treated at room temperature (RT) showed an “internal corrosion” pattern. However, an “exocorrosion” digestion behavior was observed for the starches of HPP treated sample at 45 °C, which might be due to the formation of amylose–lipid complexes during the process as revealed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). HPP treatment at 45 °C increased the antioxidant activity of the buckwheat as measured using 1,1′-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazylvalue (DPPH) and iron chelating capacity (ICC) compared to untreated sample (P < 0.05), which might be associated with the release of bound phenolic compounds. More importantly, this is the first study to investigate the ability of buckwheat extract for inhibiting the formation of fat droplets using a C3H10T1/2 mesenchymal stem cell line, and found that the extract of buckwheat after HPP treatment at 45 °C demonstrated significant anti-adipogenic effects. This study suggested the HPP treatment at an increased temperature (45 °C) achieved a better nutritional value of the buckwheat than both untreated and treated at RT.     

提取玫瑰基因组DNA几种方法的比较

为了找到一种方便、快捷且经济高效的玫瑰叶片基因组DNA提取方法,为玫瑰后期的分子生物学研究奠定良好基础,以不同品种的玫瑰幼嫩叶片为材料,分别利用CTAB法、SDS法、改良CTAB法、试剂盒法4种方法提取玫瑰基因组DNA,经过琼脂糖凝胶电泳、紫外分光光度法对所提DNA的质量和产量进行检测比较。结果表明：4种方法均可从玫瑰叶片中提取到DNA,改良CTAB法作为对常规方法的改进,在保证经济实用的前提下提取到的DNA质量最好,浓度最高;而试剂盒法作为一种快速提取植物基因组DNA的新兴方法,虽然产量略低,费用略高,但操作步骤简单,耗时短,毒害小,高效快捷。各实验室可根据实际情况选择适宜的方法。     

凉粉草基因组DNA提取与分析

[目的]为分子生物学研究提供高质量、高产量的凉粉草总DNA。[方法]采用改良CTAB法提取总DNA,通过测定OD260/OD280值、琼脂糖凝胶电泳和RAPD扩增对所得DNA的浓度和质量进行检测,考察该方法对DNA的提取效果。[结果]改良CTAB法提取的总DNAOD260/OD280值为1.6～2.0;电泳条带清晰,完整性好,纯度高,总DNA分子量与λDNA相近;以所提DNA为模板进行RAPD扩增时,可得到稳定的扩增条带。[结论]改良CTAB法适合凉粉草基因组DNA的提取。